Summary
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
Note
Authors
References
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
Note
Authors
References
1st Generation
MARK I
Havard Mark 1 is considered by many to be the first computer, even though it is not electronic but electromechanical. This calculator had the sole function of performing calculations. It was designed in 1930 by Grace Hoper and Howard Aiken and built in 1944 by Harvard University in partnership with IBM. She worked with 23 decimal numbers, performing the 4 arithmetic operations, and had integrated subroutines that calculated log and trigonometry functions.
17 meters wide
5,000 pounds weight
2.5 meters high
1933 to 1959 generation duration
Grace Hoper and Howard Aiken as generation authors
5,000 pounds weight
2.5 meters high
1933 to 1959 generation duration
Grace Hoper and Howard Aiken as generation authors
2nd Generation
IBM 7094
Entering the 2nd generation in 1959, the IBM 7094 was produced for large scale nuclear power plant control. Considered innovative in this regard, with the exchange of parts and enhancement, changing valves for transistors, built by silicon. This even cheaper machine produced by IBM itself was still inaccessible, its components weighed 890 kg in total, a considerable evolution, with its blue and gray design the 7094 played an important role in the space race.
1.5 meters wide
890 pounds weight
60 centimeters high
1959 to 1964 generation duration
Roger Roach as generation author
890 pounds weight
60 centimeters high
1959 to 1964 generation duration
Roger Roach as generation author
3rd Generation
IBM 360
IBM continued to launch new machines. At the time, in 1964, the novelty was the IBM System 360, bringing the popular chips. The new one came with the concept of modularity, allowing mounting according to the customer's need. But he was backing down and having such a machine required a good deal of space as this red, blue and white beauty weighed more than its predecessors. Also, it helped the space program american in space race performing unmatched performance operations.
60 centimeters wide
+/- 300 pounds weight
1.20 meters high
1964 to 1970 generation duration
Gene Amdahl as generation author
+/- 300 pounds weight
1.20 meters high
1964 to 1970 generation duration
Gene Amdahl as generation author
4th Generation
APPLE
Taking a giant leap, computers weigh less than 20KG. Thanks to microprocessors, it enabled the production of personal computers. With accessibility, it motivated four brilliant minds: Bill Gates, Paul Ilande, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. The last two created Apple, where they launched Apple 1 and later 2. Using UI for word processing software and spreadsheets. Then designers began to think about compression and user experience solutions.
50 centimeters wide
10 pounds weight
40 centimeters high
1970 to nowadays generation duration
Steve Jobs and Bill Gates as generation authors
10 pounds weight
40 centimeters high
1970 to nowadays generation duration
Steve Jobs and Bill Gates as generation authors
NOTE
21st Century Design is the nomination for the work, as resolution of the search for object versions (mobile or home appliance), for decades: 10 to 40 (functionalist design), 50 (American style Ulm X school), 60, 70, 80, 90, 2000 - if necessary, requested by Professor Adriana Capretz Manhas to students João Victor Nunes da Silva and Gabriel Torres da Silva of the Design Department of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Federal University of Alagoas, as a requirement for evaluation in the discipline. Design History.
The team of students already described chose P.C (Programmer / Personal Computer) for research and presentation. The research is composed by name, author (or manufacturer) and date with their respective versions, containing striking characteristics of colors, materials, current thinking (in design) and influences of the historical moment, by decade. The presentation, made in this document, started with standard display pages, such as cover, back cover and summary, while the other pages show the development of the research and the last 3 (three), this Note, authors and references. All pages were conceptually designed according to the period of supremacy in space exploration and technology, which has been in place for most of the decades: special race, being the theme of the work. Both of these research and presentation are composed of object versions, which are displayed by the disposition of the P.Cs generations rather than decade-by-decade, and represented by the principal, who stood out for some of these striking features.
About the generations, there are 4 (four). The first comprises the period from 1933 to 1959; second, from 1959 to 1964; third, from 1964 to 1970; and fourth, from 1970 to the present day. In generation 1 (one) of the P.Cs, in addition to the MARK1, another computer also stood out, which was named “ENIAC”, built in 1946 in the USA by John Eckert and John Mauchly, making it an important piece to beat the war and keep the country one step ahead for electronic control innovation. However, some innovation compared to its predecessor is uncertain. In generation 3 (three), we can highlight the emergence period of keyboards and monitors. Both, respecting design guidelines such as physical and object ergonomics as the keys had to respect the diameter and median radius of the human fingers, for example. The mouse, also created in this generation, was created by Xerox with its prototype sold to Apple Inc., becoming a marketable product. This device followed the same ergonomic guidelines, however, taking into account the tactile and frictional grip of the man.
Finally, in generation 4 (four), there was the development and release of the Windows Operating System, November 20, 1985, when designers began acting on User Interface solutions and their experience in using software and hardware as appropriate. that were increasingly thought of compact and affordable devices. Beyond these generations, we would be transacting the 5th (fifth), where processors with more than one core consequently decrease excessive power consumption, so we think of ways to reduce consumption, known as “green processing”. Also of note is the future generation, the 6th (6th), with artificial intelligence through superconductors, avoiding heat loss in the form of heat with a 30x gain in machine performance. With this, there is a growing concern about the accessibility of these machines to humans, impacting less and less on the ecosystem and society.
AUTHORS
REFERENCES
